2018-2019 Academic Year

 

Berlin in the Twentieth Century

Politics and Society through Films

 

 

 

Rosa Luxemburg

(Margarethe von Trotta, 1986)

 

• Connolly, Kate and Josie Le Blond, "Germany Remembers Rosa Luxemburg 100 Years after Her Murder," The Guardian, 15 January 2019.
• Elliott, Charles F., "Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg and the Dilemma of the Non-Revolutionary Proletariat," Midwest Journal of Political Science, 9/4 (November 1965), pp.327-338.
• Elliott, Charles F., "Proletarian Revolution and the Mass Strike," The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 47/1 (June 1966), pp.44.50.
• Ettinger, Elzbieta, Rosa Luxemburg: Bir YaÅŸam (Ä°stanbul: Belge Yayınları, 2008)
• Feigel, Lara, "The Murder of Rosa Luxemburg," The Guardian, 9 January 2019.
• Jaehne, Karen and Lenny Rubenstein, "A Great Woman Theory of History: An Interview with Margarethe von Trotta," Cinéaste, 15/4 (1987), pp.24-28.
• Janes, Regina, "Feminism and Fear of Mind: Margarethe von Totta's Rosa Luxemburg," Salmagundi, No.164-165 (Fall 2009-Winter 2010), pp.225-239.
• Liebknecht, Karl, "Despite Everything," Die Rote Fahne, 15 January 1919 (translated in Ben Fowkes, The German Left and the Weimar Republic: A Selection of Documents (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014), pp.81-84.
• Luban, Ottokar, "The Role of the Spartacist Group after 9 November 1918 and the Formation of the KPD," in Ralf Hoffrogge and Norman LaPorte (eds.), Weimar Communism as Mass Movement, 1918-1933 (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 2017), pp.45-65.
• Luxemburg, Rosa, "Order Reigns in Berlin," Die Rote Fahne, 14 January 1919 (edited by Peter Hudis and Kevin B. Anderson, The Rosa Luxemburg Reader (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004), pp.373-378.
• Takemoto, Nobuhiro, "Rosa Luxemburg's Arguments on the Socialist Movements," Kyoto University Economic Review, 41/1 (April 1971), pp.49-77.
• Zetkin, Clara, Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and Franz Mehring, "A Spartacan Manifesto," The Nation, 8 March 1919.

 

• YouTube: The German Revolution, 1918-1919

 

 

 

Cabaret

(Bob Fosse, 1972)

 

• Belletto, Steven, "Cabaret and Antifascist Aesthetics," Criticism, 50/4 (Fall 2008), pp.609-630.
• Geherin, David J., "An Interview with Christopher Isherwood," The Journal of Narrative Technique, 2/3 (September 1972), pp.143-158.
• Heilbrun, Carolyn G., "Christopher Isherwood: An Interview," Twentieth Century Literature, 22/3 (October 1976), pp.253-263.
• Holbeche, Yvonne, "Goodbye to Berlin: Erich Kaestner and Christopher Isherwood," Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association, 94/1 (2000), pp.35-54.
• Jelavich, Peter, "Introduction," of his Berlin Cabaret (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1993), pp.1-9.
• Nadel, Ira, "Review of Mia Spiro's Anti-Nazi Modernism: The Challenges of Resistance in 1930s Fiction (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2013)," Textual Practice, 29/3 (2015), pp.581-585.
• Prickett, David James, "'We Will Show You Berlin': Space, Leisure, Flanerie and Sexuality," Leisure Studies, 30/2 (April 2011), pp.157-177.

 

 

 

Berlin '36

(Kaspar Heidelbach, 2009)

 

• Bahro, Berno, "Lilli Henoch and Martha Jacob: Two Jewish Athletes in Germany before and after 1933," Sport in History, 30/2 (June 2010), pp.267-287.
• Berg, Stefan, "1936 Berlin Olympics: How Dora the Man Competed in the Woman's High Jump," Spiegel Online, 15 September 2009.
• Berkow, Ira, "Margaret Bergmann Lambert, Jewish Athlete Excluded from Berlin Olympics, Dies at 103," The New York Times, 25 July 2017.
• Graham, Cooper C., "Olympia in America, 1938: Leni Riefenstahl, Hollywood, and the Kristallnacht," Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 13/4 (1993), pp.433-450.
• Hofmann, Annette R., "Christl Krantz, Germany's Ski Icon of the 1930s: The Nazis' Image of the Ideal German Woman?" Sport in Society, 20/8 (2017), pp.1-17.
• Kessler, Mario, "Only Nazi Games? Berlin 1936: The Olympic Games between Sports and Politics," Socialism and Democracy, 25/2 (July 2011), pp.125-143.
• Kidd, Bruce, "Canadian Opposition to the 1936 Olympics in Germany," Sport in Society, 16/4 (2013), pp.425-438.
• Langer, Emily, "Margaret Bergmann Lambert: Germany's 'Great Jewish Hope' Who Was Denied the Chance of Gold at Hitler's Olympics," The Independent, 2 August 2017.
• Mayer, Paul Yogi, "The Great Deception: A Personal Recollection of Hitler's Olympic Games 1936," Jewish Quarterly, 39/2 (1992), pp.41-46.
• Murray, Bill, "Berlin in 1936: Old and New Work on the Nazi Olympics," The International Journal of the History of Sport, 9/1 (1992), pp.29-49.
• Tebbutt, Clare, "The Spectre of the 'Man-Woman Athlete': Mark Weston, Zdenek Koubek, the 1936 Olympics and the Uncertainty of Sex," Women's History Review, 24/5 (2015), pp.721-738.
• Tran, Mark, "Germany Honours Jewish Athlete Banned from 1936 Olympics by Nazis," The Guardian, 24 November 2009.
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, The Nazi Olympics, Berlin 1936.
• Usborne, Simon, "'I Watched the Games and Hated Every Minute,'" The Independent, 31 July 2012.
• Wenn, Stephen R., "A House Divided: The U.S. Amateur Sport Establishment and the Issue of Participation in the 1936 Berlin Olympics," Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67/2 (June 1996), pp.161-171.

 

 

 

Conspiracy

(Frank Pierson, 2001)

 

• Bloxham, Donald, "Europe, the Final Solution and the Dynamics of Intent," Patterns of Prejudice, 44/4 (2010), pp.317-335.
• Davis, Hadassah, "What Was the Role of the Wannsee Conference in the Final Solution?" European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe, 32/2 (Autumn 1999), pp.26-36.
• Gerlach, Christian, "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews," The Journal of Modern History, 70/4 (December 1998), pp.759-812.
• Holocaust Research Project, "The Minutes from the Wannsee Conference, January 20, 1942."
• Jasch, Hans-Christian and Christoph Kreutzmüller, "The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference," introduction to Hans-Christian Jarsch and Christoph Kreutzmüller (eds.), The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017), pp.1-20.
• Mayer, Arno J., "Wannsee: Toward the Final Solution," Chapter IX of his Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The 'Final Solution' in History (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), pp.279-312.
• Moss, Donald B., "Telling It and Passing It On, Rendering and Remembering: On Turning Suffering into History--Conspiracy," The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85 (2004), pp.1279-1285.
• Schirk, Heinz (director), Die Wannseekonferenz (1984)
• Wolf, Gerhard, "The Wannsee Conference in 1942 and the National Socialist Living Space Dystopia," Journal of Genocide Research, 17/2 (2015), pp.153-175.
• Zimmermann, Moshe, "Secrets and Revelations: The German Foreign Ministry and the Final Solution," The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 5/1 (2011), pp.115-123.

 

 

 

Alone in Berlin

(Vincent Perez, 2016)

 

• Alberge, Dalya, "'My Family Resisted the Nazis': Why Director Had to Film Alone in Berlin," The Guardian, 7 February 2016.
• Bradshaw, Peter, "Alone in Berlin Review: Couple Wage a Quiet War against Hitler," The Guardian, 29 June 2017.
• Buchan, James, "The Path of Least Resistance," The Guardian, 7 March 2009.
• Cesarani, David, "Alone in Berlin Is Morally Compromised," The Guardian, 11 January 2011.
• Cesarani, David, "Hans Fallada's Fable of Anti-Nazi Resistance," The Guardian, 1 June 2010.
• D'Arcy Hughes, Abby, "Publisher Dusts off Missing Chapter in Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin," The Guardian, 9 March 2011.
• Dunmore, Helen, "Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin," The Guardian, 7 January 2011.
• Jordison, Sam, "Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin Is a Moral Maze We Can't Resist," The Guardian, 12 March 2013.
• Jordison, Sam, "Hans Fallada's Berlin: In Pictures," The Guardian, 28 March 2013.
• Jordison, Sam, "Is Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin Too Crude for Comfort?" The Guardian, 20 March 2013.
• Kohda Hazelton, Claire, "Nightmare in Berlin in Hans Fallada Review: Brutal Study of Postwar Berlin," The Observer, 23 October 2016.
• Oltermann, Philip, "Strange Tale of the Anti-Nazi Bestseller, the Stasi Spies and the Missing Gestapo Files," The Observer, 18 June 2017.
• "Otto and Elise Hampel," Wikipedia.
• "Plaque Otto Hampel and Elise Hampel," Traces of War.
• Pulver, Andrew, "Alone in Berlin Review: Postcard Revolution in the Heart of Nazi Germany," The Guardian, 15 February 2016.
• Rossmo, D. Kim, Heike Lutermann, Mark D. Stevenson and Steven C. Le Comber, "Geographic Profiling in Nazi Berlin: Fact and Fiction," Geospatial Intelligence Review (Fall 2014), pp.2-15.

 

 

 

Stauffenberg / Operation Valkyrie

(Jo Baier, 2004)

 

• Black, Peter, "Review of Peter Hoffmann's Stauffenberg: A Family History, 1905-1944 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)," Central European History, 30/1 (1997), pp.135-138.
• Case, J. David, "The Politics of Memorial Representation: The Controversy Over the German Resistance Museum in 1994," German Politics & Society, 16/1 (Spring 1998), pp.58-81.
• Hoffmann, Peter, "Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg in the German Resistance to Hitler: Between East and West," The Historical Journal, 31/3 (September 1988), pp.629-650.
• Hoffmann, Peter, "Major Joachim Kuhn: Explosives Purveyor to Stauffenberg and Stalin's Prisoner," German Studies Review, 28/3 (October 2005), pp.519-546.
• Hoffmann, Peter, "Opposition Annihilated: Punishing the 1944 Plot against Hitler," The North American Review, 255/3 (Fall 1970), pp.11-36.
• Last, Alex, "The German Officer Who Tried to Kill Hitler," BBC News, 20 July 2014.
• Lockenour, Jay, "'The Rift in Our Ranks': The German Officer Corps, The Twentieth of July, and the Path to Democracy," German Studies Review, 21/3 (October 1998), pp.469-506.
• Loeffel, Robert, "Sippenhaft, Terror and Fear in Nazi Germany: Examining One Facet of Terror in the Aftermath of the Plot of 20 July 1944," Contemporary European History, 16/1 (February 2007), pp.51-69.
• Mommsen, Hans, Germans against Hitler: The Stauffenberg Plot and Resistance under the Third Reich (London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2009)
• Murray, John, "Germany in Retrospect: 20 July 1944," Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, 43/171 (Autumn 1954), pp.285-298.
• The Royal Institute of International Affairs, "The Plot against Hitler," Bulletin of International News, 21/16 (August 5, 1944), pp.626-632.

 

 

 

A Woman in Berlin

(Max Faerberböck, 2008)

 

• Bell, Erin Elizabeth, "'For All This We Thank the Führer': Bio-Politics and the Bare Life in A Woman in Berlin," Lilith: A Feminist History Journal, No.20 (2014), pp.34-47.
• Dzyadevych, Tetyana, "Rape in World War II Film: Comparing Narrations," Plural, 4/2 (2016), pp.81-94.
• Garraio, Julia, "Hordes of Rapists: The Instrumentalization of Sexual Violence in German Cold-War Anti-Communist Discourses," RCCS Annual Review, 5 (October 2013), pp.46-63.
• Heineman, Elizabeth, "The Hour of the Woman: Memories of Germany's 'Crisis Years' and West German National Identity," The American Historical Review, 101/2 (April 1996), pp.354-395.
• Kehoe, Thomas J. and E. James Kehoe, "Crimes Committed by U.S. Soldiers in Europe, 1945-1946," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 48/1 (Summer 2016), pp.53-84.
• Pötzsch, Holger, "Rearticulating the Experience of War in Anonyma: Eine Frau in Berlin," Nordlit, 30 (2012), pp.15-33.
• Schwartz, Agatha, "Narrating Wartime Rapes and Trauma in A Woman in Berlin," CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 17/3 (2015),
• Teo, Hsu-Ming, "The Continuum of Sexual Violence in Occupied Germany, 1945-1949," Women's History Review, 5/2 (1996), pp.191-218.

 

 

 

Germany Year Zero

(Roberto Rossellini, 1948)

 

• Bingham, Adam, "Roberto Rossellini's War Trilogy," Cinéaste, 35/4 (Fall 2010), pp.56-58.
• Brunetta, Gian Piero, "Italian Cinema and the Hard Road towards Democracy, 1945," Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television, 15/3 (1995), pp.343-348.
• Cadel, Francesca, "Mutations and Mutants in Europe after World War II: Germany, Year Zero by Roberto Rossellini," Italica, 93/2 (Summer 2016), pp.274-285.
• Casty, Alan, "The Achievement of Roberto Rossellini," Film Comment, 2/4 (Fall 1965), pp.17-21.
• Forgacs, David, "Rossellini's Pictorial Histories," Film Quarterly, 64/3 (Spring 2011), pp.25-36.
• Hoffmann, Stefan-Ludwig, "Gazing at Ruins: German Defeat as Visual Experience," Journal of Modern European History, 9/3 (2011), pp.328-350.
• Iannone, Pasquale, "Germany, Year Zero," Senses of Cinema, July 2009.
• Kaplan, Ali Barış and F. NeÅŸe Kaplan, "Almanya Sıfır Yılı Filminde Çocuk Kahraman Edmund'un Perspektifinden Ä°kinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Çıplak GerçekliÄŸi," Sobider, 4/11 (Haziran 2017), pp.287-295.
• Rosenbaum, Jonathan, "Germany Year Zero: The Humanity of the Defeated," The Criterion Collection, 26 January 2010.
• Sharma, Manoj, "Neorealism in Italian Cinema: 1942-1955," Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 69 (2008), pp.952-964.
• Stern, Ralph, "Cinema and Berlin's Spectacle of Destruction: The 'Ruin' Film, 1945-1950," AA Files, No.54 (Summer 2006), pp.48-60.
• Venturi, Lauro, "Roberto Rossellini," Hollywood Quarterly, 4/1 (Autumn 1949), pp.1-13.
• Documentary: Berlin and Potsdam 1945 (Chronos)
• Documentary: Irmgard von zur Mühlen, Berlin unter der Alliierten, 1945-1949 (1988)

 

 

 

Berlin um die Ecke

(Gerhard Klein, 1965)

 

• Berghahn, Daniela, "Film Censorship in a 'Clean State': The Case of Klein and Hohlhaase's Berlin um die Ecke," in Beate Müller (ed.), Censorship & Cultural Regulation in the Modern Age (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2004), pp.111-139.
• Feinstein, Joshua, The Triumph of the Ordinary: Depictions of Daily Life in the East German Cinema, 1949-1989 (Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002)
• Poiger, Uta G., Jazz, Rock, and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2000)
• Rubenstein, Lenny and Shelley Frisch, "What Film Can and Cannot Do in Society: An Interview with Wolfgang Kohlhaase," Cinéaste, 13/4 (1984), pp.34-35; 53.

 

 

 

 

The Spy Who Came in from the Cold

(Martin Ritt, 1965)

 

• Maddox, Tom, "Spy Stories: The Life and Fiction of John le Carré," The Wilson Quarterly, 10/4 (Autumn 1986), pp.158-170.
• Maddrell, Paul, "The Western Secret Services, The East German Ministry of State Security and the Building of the Berlin Wall," Intelligence and National Security, 21/5 (October 2006), pp.829-847.
• May, Ernest R., "America's Berlin: Heart of the Cold War," Foreign Affairs, 77/4 (July-August 1998), pp.148-160.
• Morgan, Eric J., "Whores and Angels of Our Striving Selves: The Cold War Films of John le Carré, Then and Now," Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 36/1 (2016), pp.88-103.
• Murphy, David E., "Spies in Berlin: A Hidden Key to the Cold War," Foreign Affairs, 77/4 (July-August 1998), pp.171-178.
• Murphy, Robert, "Review of Tony Shaw's British Cinema and the Cold War," Screen, 48/2 (Summer 2007), pp.267-271.
• Pike, David L., "Wall and Tunnel: The Spatial Metaphorics of Cold War Berlin," New German Critique, No.110 (Summer 2010), pp.73-94.
• Rubenstein, Lenny, "The Politics of Spy Films," Cinéaste, 9/3 (Spring 1979), pp.16-21.

 

 

 

Wings of Desire

(Wim Wenders, 1987)

 

• Baumbach, Jonathan, "Wings of Desire," The Nation, 22 December 2008.
• Beattie, Rachel E., "Angels in the Cities: Berlin and the Burden of German History in Wim Wenders's Wings of Desire and Faraway, So Close!" Chapter Two of her "The Wall in the Head": Reading Berlin in Selected Pre- and Post-Unification German Films (MA Thesis, Carlton University, Ottawa, 2005), pp.32-72.
• Bingham, Adam, "Wings of Desire," Cinéaste, 35/2 (Springs 2010), pp.68-69.
• Caldwell, David and Paul W. Rea, "Handke's and Wenders's Wings of Desire: Transcending Postmodernism," The German Quarterly, 64/1 (Winter 1991), pp.46-54.
• Caltvedt, Les, "Berlin Poetry: Archaic Cultural Patterns in Wenders's Wings of Desire," Literature/Film Quarterly, 20/2 (1992), pp.121-126.
• Cook, Roger, "Angels, Fiction and History in Berlin: Wim Wenders's Wings of Desire," The Germanic Review, 66/1 (1991), pp.34-47.
• Ehrlich, Linda C., "Meditations on Wim Wenders's Wings of Desire," Literature/Film Quarterly, 19/4 (1991), pp.242-246.
• Fusco, Coco, "Angels, History and Poetic Fantasy: An Interview with Wim Wenders," Cinéaste, 16/4 (1988), pp.14-17.
• Hemphill, Jim, "Imagine How Angels Would Look at Us: Wim Wenders on Restoring Wings of Desire," Columns, Directors, Interviews, October 19, 2018.
• Singer, Leigh, "Five Visual Themes in Wings of Desire: Wim Wender's Immortal Film about Watching," BFI, 14 September 2016.

 

 

 

Goodbye, Lenin!

(Wolfgang Becker, 2003)

 

• Aynsley, Jeremy, "Goodbye Lenin! Wolfgang Becker (2003)," Design and Culture, 1/2 (2009), pp.189-192.
• Barney, Timothy, "When We Was Red: Good Bye Lenin! and Nostalgia for the 'Everyday GDR'," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 6/2 (2009), pp.132-151.
• Berdahl, Daphne, "'(N)Ostalgie' for the Present: Memory, Longing, and East German Things," Ethnos, 64/2 (1999), pp.192-211.
• Dale, Gareth, "Heimat, 'Ostalgie' and the Stasi: The GDR in German Cinema, 1999-2006," Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 15/2 (2007), pp.155-175.
• Hillman, Roger, "Goodbye Lenin (2003): History in the Subjunctive," Rethinking History, 10/2 (2006), pp.221-237.
• Hodgin, Nick, "Berlin Is In Germany and Goodbye Lenin!" Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 12/1 (2004), pp.25-45.
• Hogwood, Patricia, "After the GDR: Reconstructing Identity in Post-Communist Germany," The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 16/4 (2000), pp.45-67.
• Kapczynski, Jennifer M., "Negotiating Nostagia: The GDR Past in Berlin Is In Germany and Goodbye, Lenin!" The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory, 82/1 (2007), pp.78-100.
• McAdams, A. James, "The Last East German and the Memory of the German Democratic Republic," German Politics & Society, 28/1 (2010), pp.30-41.
• Thesz, Nicole, "Adolsecence in the 'Ostalgie' Generation: Rereading Jakob Hein's Mein Erstes T-Shirt agaisnt Sonnenallee, Zonenkinder, and Goodbye Lenin!" Oxford German Studies, 37/1 (2008), pp.107-123.

 

 

 

The Lives of Others

(Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2006)

 

• Berghahn, Daniela, "Remembering the Stasi in a Fairy Tale of Redemption: Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's Das Leben der Anderen," Oxford German Studies, 38/3 (2009), pp.321-333.
• Bernstein, Matthew H., "The Lives of Others: Matthew H. Bernstein on an Emotive Surveillance Thriller Set in Communist East Germany," Film Quarterly, 61/1 (Fall 2007), pp.30-36.
• Bradshaw, Peter, "The Lives of Others," The Guardian, 13 April 2007.
• Byford, Jeffrey M., "The Spies Dilemma: A Cold War Case Study on East German Espionage," The Social Studies, 104/4 (2013), pp.139.145.
• Cantor, Paul A., "Long Day's Journey into Brecht: The Ambivalent Politics of The Lives of Others," Perspectives on Political Science, 40/2 (2011), pp.68-77.
• Carson, Diane, "Learning from History in The Lives of Others: An Interview with Writer/Director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck," Journal of Film and Video, 62/1-2 (Spring/Summer 2010), pp.13-22.
• Creech, Jennifer, "A Few Good Men: Ideology, and Narrative Politics in The Lives of Others and Goodbye, Lenin!" Women in German Yearbook, 25 (2009), pp.100-126.
• Dueck, Cheryl, "The Humanization of the Stasi in Das Leben der Anderen," German Studies Review, 31/3 (October 2008), pp.599-609.
• Esther, John, "Between Principle and Feeling: An Interview with Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck," Cinéaste, 32/2 (Spring 2007), pp.40-42.
• Hamilton, John T., "Conspiracy, Security, and Human Care in Donnersmarck's Leben der Anderen," Historical Social Research, 38/1 (2013), pp.129-141.
• Jedlitschka, Karsten, "The Lives of Others: East German State Security Service's Archival Legacy," The American Archivist, 75/1 (Spring/Summer 2012), pp.81-108.
• Mackie, Rob, "The Lives of Others," The Guardian, 21 September 2007.
• Rossbacher, Brigitte, "Memory and the Politics of Emotion in Das Leben der Anderen," Colloquia Germanica, 44/1 (2011), pp.35-53.
• Scott, Carl Eric, "Communist Moral Corruption and the Redemptive Power of Art in The Lives of Others," Perspectives on Political Science, 40/2 (2011), pp.78-86.
• Taylor, Flagg, "Post-Totalitarianism in The Lives of Others," Perspectives on Political Science, 40/2 (2011), pp.61-67.
• Westphal, Wendy, "'Truer Than the Real Thing': 'Real' and 'Hyperreal' Representations of the Past in Das Leben der Anderen," German Studies Review, 35/1 (February 2012), pp.97-111.